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US OIL DEMAND, 2004: Over 20 million barrels per day, up from January 2002, when demand was about 18.5 million barrels per day, = 777 million gallons. If lined up in 1-gallon cans, they would encircle the earth at the equator almost 6 times (about 147,000 miles of cans) — every day.
Here's another image: EVERY DAY, the US consumes enough oil to cover a football field with a column of oil 2500 feet tall. That's 121 million cubic feet.
U.S. gasoline consumption of 320,500,000 gallons per day (March 2005) works out to about 3700 gallons per second.
US demand for natural gas is increasing, and production in many long-time prime producing areas (e.g. the Gulf Coast) is diminishing to the point of near-total depletion. Without significant increases in drilling (well beyond anticipated levels), demand is predicted to significantly exceed supply soon. By 2000, US demand (22.2 tcf/year) exceeded production (18.7 tcf/year) enough that about 14% of our natural gas was being imported from Canada.
This may provide a window of opportunity for explorationists and producers (especially smaller operators), and may improve the domestic market for geoscientists. Note that it is currently impossible (without complex liquification) to transport natural gas across oceans -- so huge gas reserves in the Nile Delta, for example, are irrelevant to US needs.
US Production capacity, about 8 million barrels per day, is accomplished with about 533,000 oil wells, averaging less than 17 barrels per well per day. Saudi capacity, similar at about 8-9 million barrels per day, is from 750 wells — averaging more than 12,000 barrels per well per day.
The best well in the onshore 48 states is in Grant Canyon Field, Nevada, producing about 4000 barrels per day from sucrosic Devonian dolomites in a small fault block. UPDATE: 1997 discoveries in the Williston Basin are producing up to 6,000 barrels per day from Mississippian Lodgepole carbonate mounds. These are the best wells in the onshore 48 states in decades -- but the Gulf of Mexico is the US hot spot for current exploration and production.
In terms of total US energy usage, the breakdown by source is given in the following table (for late 2001):
Energy Source Percentage of total
Petroleum
42%
Coal
24%
Natural Gas
20%
Nuclear
8%
Hydro power
2%
Solar, Wind, etc.
2%
21 largest oil fields
in the World
Field, Country Size estimate
1. Ghawar, Saudi Arabia 75-83 billion barrels
2. Burgan, Kuwait 66-72 billion barrels
3. Bolivar Coastal, Venezuela 30-32 billion barrels
4. Safaniya-Khafji, Saudi Arabia/Neutral Zone 30 billion barrels
5. Rumaila, Iraq 20 billion barrels
6. Tengiz, Kazakstan 15-26 billion barrels
7. Ahwaz, Iran 17 billion barrels
8. Kirkuk, Iraq 16 billion barrels
9. Marun, Iran 16 billion barrels
10. Gachsaran, Iran 15 billion barrels
11. Aghajari, Iran 14 billion barrels
12. Samotlor, West Siberia, Russia 14-16 billion barrels
13.Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, USA 13 billion barrels
14. Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia 12 billion barrels
15. Romashkino, Volga-Ural, Russia 12-14 billion barrels
16. Chicontepec, Mexico 12 billion barrels
17. Berri, Saudi Arabia 12 billion barrels
18. Zakum, Abu Dhabi, UAE 12 billion barrels
19. Manifa, Saudi Arabia 11 billion barrels
20. Faroozan-Marjan, Saudi Arabia/Iran 10 billion barrels
21. Marlim, Campos, Brazil 10-14 billion barrels
12 top natural gas countries
(by reserves)
Country Reserve estimate
World 4,980 trillion cubic feet
1. Russia 1,748 trillion cubic feet
2. USA 1,475 trillion cubic feet
3. Iran 742 trillion cubic feet
4. Qatar 245 trillion cubic feet
5. Abu Dhabi 188 trillion cubic feet
6. Saudi Arabia 185 trillion cubic feet
7. Venezuela 140 (maybe 450) trillion cubic feet
8. Algeria 128 trillion cubic feet
9. Turkmenistan 100 (maybe 535) trillion cubic feet
10. Kazakstan 83 trillion cubic feet
11. Canada 67 trillion cubic feet
12. Uzbekistan 60 trillion cubic feet
22 largest natural gas fields
in the World
Field, Country Size estimate
1. Urengoy, West Siberia, Russia >275 trillion cubic feet
2. Yamburg, West Siberia, Russia prob. >200 trillion cubic feet
3. Orenburg, Volga Region, Russia prob. >200 trillion cubic feet
4. Schtockmanov, Barents Sea, Russia prob. >200 trillion cubic feet
5. North Dome, Qatar 241 trillion cubic feet
6. Umm Shaif + Abu el-Bukush, Abu Dhabi 175 trillion cubic feet
7. Zapolyarnoye, West Siberia, Russia 150+ trillion cubic feet
8. Kharasevey, West Siberia, Russia 150+ trillion cubic feet
9. Bovanenko, West Siberia, Russia 125 trillion cubic feet
10. Medvezh'ye, West Siberia, Russia 100+ trillion cubic feet
11. Hassi R'Mel, Algeria 100 trillion cubic feet
12. South Pars, Iran 100 trillion cubic feet
13. Panhandle-Hugoton, USA (TX-OK-KS) 80 trillion cubic feet
14. Groningen, Netherlands 66 trillion cubic feet
15. Ghawar Oil Field, Saudi Arabia 60 trillion cubic feet
16. North Pars, Iran 48 trillion cubic feet
17. Dauletabad-Donmez, Turkmenistan 47 trillion cubic feet
18. Karachaganak, Kazakstan 46 trillion cubic feet
19. Shatlyk, Turkmenistan 35 trillion cubic feet
20. Yashlar, Turkmenistan 27 trillion cubic feet
21. Blanco (San Juan), USA (NM) 23 trillion cubic feet
22. Gazli, Uzbekistan 20 trillion cubic feet
In the U.S., about 35% of oil and gas production comes from reservoirs of Tertiary age (largely in the Gulf Coast and California); about 25% is from reservoirs of Pennsylvanian age (West Texas, Rockies, Midcontinent), and about 12% is from reservoirs of Cretaceous age. Sandstone reservoirs account for 70% of fields; limestone = 16%; dolomite = 11%.
The Offshore US Gulf of Mexico has become one of the "hottest" exploration areas in the world, just a few years after many had declared it the "Dead Sea" for exploration potential. Dramatic improvements in 3-D Seismic technology (increasing success rates to as much as 80%, up from less than 40%) and deepwater drilling methodology are largely the basis for this resurgence. And several very nice discoveries have not hurt one bit. Reserves in discovered deep-water (>500 meters) fields alone are estimated at nearly 1.5 billion barrels, with two fields (Shell's Mars and BP's Crazy Horse, renamed Thunder Horse) at about 100,000,000 barrels or more.
The top ten producing states by current (early 2002) daily production are Louisiana, Texas, Alaska, California, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Kansas, North Dakota, and Mississippi. Illinois is not a present-day big producer, but until about 1970, Illinois was the 4th largest cumulative producer of oil (after TX, LA, and OK).
IN 1994, U.S. OIL IMPORTS EXCEEDED 50% OF CONSUMPTION FOR THE FIRST TIME. In 1999, US imports were about 11 million barrels per day, compared to our domestic production of 6 million barrels per day. You do the math.
In 2002, Canada led the world in our sources of imports, at 17%, with Saudi Arabia (13.7%), Mexico (13.5%), and Venezuela (12%) in a virtual three-way tie for second. The year before the percentages were Canada - 15.4%, Saudi Arabia - 14%, Venezuela - 13%, and Mexico - 12.1%. Canada has been the leader since at least 2001. In 2002, US imports from the Persian Gulf region amounted to 19.8 percent of our total imports. The same year, a total of 40% came from OPEC member nations -- which include countries such as Venezuela and Indonesia that are outside the Persian Gulf. More Information
Leading sources of US imports
USA (20 million barrels per day)
China (5.6)
Japan (5.5)
Germany
USA (11.1 million b/d)
Japan (5.3)
Germany (2.5)
South Korea (2.2)
Canada (17%)
Saudi Arabia (14.5%)
Mexico (13%)
Venezuela (11%)
2004 UPDATE: US Imports total about 61% of consumption: 13.12 million barrels per day in July 2004, out of total consumption of 21.4 million barrels per day.
NOTE ON IMPORTS FROM IRAQ: US oil imports from Iraq have fluctuated greatly over the past 15 years. In 1990, imports from Iraq accounted for about 6.4% of our imports. From 1991 to 1996, due to sanctions, Iraq provided NO exports to the US. In 1999 (average 6.7%), 2000 (5.4%), 2001 (6.7%), and 2002 (3.9% - yes, less than four percent), amounts varied a lot from month to month.
Costs to produce and sell a gallon of gasoline in the US
One barrel of crude oil makes about 19½ gallons of gasoline, 9 gallons of fuel oil, 4 gallons of jet fuel, and 11 gallons of other products, including lubricants, kerosene, asphalt, and petrochemical feedstocks to make plastics. The ultimate cost of a gallon of gas at the service station depends mostly on the price of crude oil, and most of the profit after expenses goes to the owner-producers of the oil, whether they are governments or oil producing companies.
The following table shows an approximate breakdown of the costs that go into a gallon of gas in the US. Almost everywhere in the world outside the US, people pay MUCH more for gasoline, largely because of much larger government taxes, which amount to around $3 to $4 per gallon in many European countries. In the categories "Production cost" and "Producer profit" the values show a range from Saudi Arabian production to USA production. Naturally, all the other values may vary some as well; these are general estimates.
Expense Amount
Production cost 15¢ to 60¢
Producer profit 53¢ to 8¢
Refining cost 13¢
Marketing cost 5¢
Transportation cost 15¢
Retailer cost 6¢
Refiner, marketer,
transp. & retailer profit 10¢
US Taxes 19¢
Average state taxes 23¢
TOTAL $1.59  5/24/2006 1:21:07 AM
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